CHAPTER 2 Literature Review ...

CHAPTER 2
Literature Review


Introduction:


OLPC was started by Nicholas Negroponte’s idea with a core of Media Lab veterans, but quickly extended to include a wide vary of exceptionally talented and dedicated people from academe, industry, the art, business, and the open-source community (OLPC: people, 2009).
The OLPC was lunched to achieve the Nicholas Negroponte’s idea innovations in hardware and software and deployment. The hardware supports large-scale of development in computer networks in third world countries. The features of the $100 laptop are: small size, modifiable display, low power usage, open source software, nice look, and ease to use for children (Stanik, 2007).
The laptop described as windows and tools: windows to the world and tools which children use it to think, these are wonderful way for all children to learn through interaction and exploration the laptop, the XO laptop will bring a world of new ideas, image, And materials to children around the world. It will provide the students and the teachers with new techniques to cooperate with each other over time (Bouras et.al., 2008). The current state of education in Malaysia needs improvement, but is generally moving in the right direction. The XO-laptop will add a new philosophy to the education in Malaysia which will allow children to learn by doing and making in public, guided, collaborative process including feedback from peers, not just from teachers.
It’s considered a great Quantum leap if it used in educational process, it provides educational opportunities in order to growing up by the children ability (Bentley, 2007), Kraemer considered it as a new technique to help the school children, furthermore he shows the advantages of the OLPC project, first the children can develop their educational abilities, and they can improve themselves by doing and making things in the provided activities (Kraemer et al, 2008).

Figure 1: the XO-Laptop
2.0 One Laptop Per Child:
2.1 History:
In January 2005 at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Nicolas Negroponte introduced the idea of one laptop per child project or $100 laptop, his idea is highly respected from Olusegun Obasanjo the president of Nigeria, due its new style of education, the Nigeria president ordered one million laptop to be applied in his country (Ho et al., 2008). Nicholas Negroponte when he and his family was in Cambodia, they found a school installed a satellite and generator, the students have given a laptop they can hold it and keep it at home, the student’s families were impressed in this laptop and they taught their families how to use it (CBS NEWS, 2007). Negroponte has thought what about give the children one laptop taking in his considerations the developing countries and its poor education funding, in 2005 he decided to establish a non-profit organization through MIT Media Lab, cooperation ...