Course code: BIOL 222
Course name: Animal ...
Course code: BIOL 222
Course name: Animal Physiology
Student name: Tong Chun Kit Benjamin
Student ID: 07012480
Session/ Group no.: B9
Date of experiment: 6 MAR 09
Experiment #2: Respiratory Physiology
Lab Partners: Wong Yee Fung, Luk Kin Wai Wilson, Wong Lai Fan
Introduction
Human respiratiory system is divided into upper respiratory system and lower respiratory system. Upper respiratory system includes nose, pharynx, and associated structures. The lower respiratory system includes larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Human respiratory system is used for gaseous exchange, which is done by pulmonary ventilation. The inhalation and exhalation of gas allow gaseous exchange between the environment and the lung. During this process, the carbon dioxide will leave the blood capillaries in the alveoli while oxygen enters. This is the external respiration. The blood will then pumped by the cardiovascular system and enter the body. Internal respiration will take place and the gas will exchange between blood and the cells inside human body.
Pulmonary ventilation is done by pressure difference between the thoracic cavity and lung to the outside environment.
In this experiment, lung physiology is examined by the following method: respiratory sound, respiratory pattern, respiratory volume, and a combined test.
Respiratory sound is examined by stethoscope, by hearing the respiratory sound, the lung condition can be examined. If the sound is clear, the lung is healthy, but if there is noise or cannot hear clear sound, the lung may be not healthy.
Respiratory patterns can be measure by pneumograph. We hang the pneumograph tube around the chest of the subject. The volume change in the pneumograph tube will change the volume in tambour. The displacement transducer connected to the tambour will reflect the volume change in tambour into displacement change. The displacement will then be amplified and measured so that we can know the volume change in the thoracic cavity, so that we can obtain the respiratory pattern.
Respiratory volume is measured by spirometer. The spirometer measure the lung volumes by measure the volume of gas breathe out form the mouth. We can get the tidal volume by normally exhale gas to the spirometer and exhale deeply after normally exhalation to get expiratory reserve volume. Finally, vital capacity is obtained by measure the exhalation volume after deep inhalation. Inspiratory reserve can be calculated by Inspiratory reserve = vital capacity - tidal volume - expiratory reserve
Finally, a combine test will be done to find out the physiological change to the lund and heart during exercise.
Procedure
Refer to p.35-37, 40-41, and 44-45
Amendment: Part C, There are 2 subjects instead of 1
Part E (b), 2d) changed to “Does apnea or shallow develop?”
2e) moved to Discussion part.
Part E (c), Normal value was obtained only ...
