Course code
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Course code
BIOL 222
Course name
Animal Physiology
Student name
Fung Tsz Him
Student ID
07229021
Group number
B5
Date of experiment
20/2/09
Lab partners:
So Chi Fai, Yung Wai Yi, Fu Ting Ting
Experiment #2
Respiratory Physiology
Introduction
Experimental introduction
In this experiment we try to visualize the respiratory system. We listen to respiratory sounds, measuring respiratory patterns, measuring respiratory volumes by using stethoscope, pneumograph and spirometer respectively. In the end of the experiment a combined test measuring respiratory movements, blood pressure and radial pulse before and after exercises will be conducted to let us know more about the relationship between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system.
Respiratory system
Human body needs a continuous supply of oxygen for respiration to produce ATP as an energy source for different metabolic reactions. Carbon dioxide is produced in the process and continuous removal of it is essential. The respiratory system collaborates with the cardiovascular system to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide for body cells.
Respiratory sounds
Respiratory sounds are produced during gaseous exchange. When human breaths in, a breezy, soft sounds caused by air filling the lungs is produced. On the contrary, a low-pitched sound is produced when breathing out. By pressing the stethoscope just below the larynx, these sounds can be clearly heard.
Respiratory patterns
During gaseous exchange, rib cages move outwards and inwards alternatively. The pneumograph is fit around the subject’s chest which has the maximal chest movement. During breathing, chest movement cause air pressure change within the pneumograph. It is recorded by the recorder and the effect of different physical and chemical factors on respiratory patterns can be studied.
Respiratory volumes
Respiratory volumes refer to the capacity of lung. The amount of air breathed out during normal breathing is called the tidal volume. The amount of air breathed out forcefully after taking the deepest breath is the vital capacity. The spirometer is a closed system which measures the volumes of air inhaled and exhaled. By measuring the tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume and vital capacity, the inspiratory reserve volume can be calculated.
Procedures
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